Constitution

Last update 25th of March 2026

• ‘Buddha’ is the historical person Siddharta Gotama, that lived in India about 2500 years ago. He established a teaching and practise which today is called Buddhism.
• ‘Dharma’ is the teaching of the Buddha, which describe cosmos and the nature of human beings, and a training towards wisdom and freedom.
• ‘Vinayas’ are written codes of conduct and procedures laid down by the Buddha to regulate a full-time training for women and men.
• The ‘Sangha’ is the group of bhikkhus and bhikkhunis.
• ‘Bhikkhuni’ is a female Buddhist monastic, who has full ordination and lives according to the Vinaya.
• ‘Bhikkhu’ is a male Buddhist monastic, who has full ordination and lives according to the Vinaya.
• ‘Resident Sangha’ are bhikkhus and bhikkhunis to whom the society provides subsistence at one of the society’s centres.
• The ‘spiritual director’ is the general manager of a monastic group, either bhikkhunis or bhikkhus, at the center where the sangha lives permanently.
• ‘Constitution’ is the basic regulations that governs the society, which only can be approved or changed by the Annual General Meeting or a Special General Meeting.
• ‘Guidelines ’ are instructions and advice that describe who should do various tasks, and how they are to be done, within the framework of the constitution. They are used, for example, by the society’s board and management.

1. The name of the society is: Den Norske Buddhistforening (The Buddhist Society of Norway), hereafter referred to as ‘the Society’.
2. The financial year of the Society is from 1st of January to the next 31st of December.

1. The Society is an independent non-profit organization with members. Neither members nor anybody else can claim the wealth or the properties of the Society, or be responsible for the Society’s debt or other obligations.
2. The wealth and properties of the Society must only be used to further the aims of the Society, and neither wealth nor properties can be given, directly or indirectly, to members or anybody else.

1. The propagation of the Buddhist teachings in theory and in practice, with special focus on morals, meditation and wisdom in the Theravada tradition, where the Three Jewels, the Four Noble Truths and the Nobel Eightfold Path is central.
2. To further existing and new teachings, and establish and maintain properties to make the teachings and practices available. Properties includes land, buildings and equipment.
3. The activities shall be characterized by volunteerism, democracy, equality, honesty, loyalty, generosity and ethics.
4. To promote this purpose by:

a. Allowing the Sangha to focus on its spiritual obligations, while the board ensures that all operational and legal obligations are met.

b. Operating in a way that recognizes mutual dependence and responsibility for all activities in the Society.

c. Using donor-directed funds for the specific purposes for which they are given, as instructed in the Vinaya texts.

d. Establishing facilities for and support of the Sangha and its members, so that the Sangha can fulfil its obligations for self-development and teaching, and the members have access to the Society’s resources for spiritual development.

e. Establishing and maintaining, for the promotion of Buddhist teachings:

i. a Buddhist city centre in the central Eastern Norway area, where members have full control over the centre, and

ii. a Buddhist retreat center, where the Sangha lives and teaches, subject to the guidelines of the Buddha’s Vinaya in the Pali texts, which among other things deal with the Sangha’s property and behavior, where the Sangha has full control over the center in every way.

f. Cultivating co-operation with other Buddhist organisations having the same aims and objectives, and show tolerance for all Buddhist traditions and other religions.

g. The society must be part of a registered faith community.

h. Complying with §5 with respect to the Sangha.

In order to promote the Society’s aim and objectives, but not otherwise, the Society is authorized to:

1. Invite Buddhist bhikkkhus and bhikkhunis to stay in the society’s center or elsewhere, for a period of time desired both by the Sangha and the invited bhikkhus or bhikkhunis.
2. Provide all necessary material support, protection and necessities (including but not limited to: food, housing, clothing and medicines) to bhikkhus and bhikkhunis invited by the society while living in Norway.
3. Pay for travel expenses to Norway to bhikkhunis and bhikkhus invited by the society, and return to their normal place of residence.
4. Provide libraries and equipment necessary to write, translate, print, publish, distribute and sell such books and booklets that will be able to further the Society’s aims and objectives.
5. Accept donations from people that the Society deems appropriate, or refuse to accept inappropriate monetary gifts.
6. Issue appeals for donations, newsletters and reports on the work of the Society.
7. Sell, exchange, buy or dispose of tangible and intangible assets belonging to the Society, and issue a receipt for money received by the Society.
8. Prior to executing any decision to sell, exchange or dispose of real estate belonging to the Society, the board shall have the decision ratified at a General Meeting, requiring a two-third (2/3) vote of the members.
9. Borrow money or property at an appropriate interest rate, with or without security in the Society’s property, and to use this money for any activity in line with the Society’s aim and objectives.
10. Rent, lease or temporarily acquire property for a period, at a cost and at conditions that the Society deems appropriate.
11. Take out insurance against loss and damage, against fire or otherwise, for any insurance-eligible property belonging to the Society, and to buy any type of insurance including, but not limited to, home insurance, contents insurance, car insurance and embezzlement / crime insurance.
12. Purchase and pay any agent, supplier or contractor to carry out work in accordance with the Society’s aim and objectives.
13. Open and use a bank account in the Society’s name in any bank, and deposit all the Society’s money in such a bank account.
14. Take the necessary legal steps or procedures to restore or protect the Society’s assets, and to adjust, clarify, settle or negotiate in any case or claim.
15. Carry out all written communication digitally, preferably via e-mail and an internal office / cloud portal (intranet), including communication for the board, Annual General Meetings and Special General Meetings.
16. Do everything that the Society believes is necessary to promote the Society’s aim and objectives.

1. The Sangha is an independent group in the Society that is to be governed according to the Buddha’s rules and procedures, described in the Vinaya texts. These procedures give the Sangha the full right to dispose of the property and property given to them, the full right to decide on their own activities and which bhikkhus and bhikkhunis they wish to invite into the resident Sangha. The spiritual director of the bhikkhus and the spiritual director of the bhikkhuni represent the resident Sangha on the board and during the Annual General Meeting, and is responsible for ensuring that the Sangha’s decisions do not violate laws and regulations, as well as internal rules of conduct and procedures in the Vinaya texts. Spiritual directors are also responsible for ensuring that the Sangha stays within given financial limits.
2. A bhikkhuni or bhikkhu invited by the Sangha is part of the resident Sangha as long as he or she remains a member of the Sangha and lives in a center belonging to the society.
3. Each bhikkhu or bhikkhuni who is ordained in a center belonging to the society is a permanent resident bhikkhuni or bhikkhu as long as he or she remains a member of the Sangha and lives in a center belonging to the society.
4. Each part of the Sangha that belongs to the society must choose a spiritual director in line with tradition.
5. When the board receives the information from the Sangha about such an election, the board shall invite the elected member of the Sangha to accept the position of spiritual director. The board can set a probationary period for a new spiritual director, to ensure the ability to also be able to satisfactorily represent the entire society, not just the sangha that has elected him or her. If he or she were to accept the position, the spiritual director should retain his or her position for the rest of his or her life, or until the spiritual director himself or herself resigns from his or her position. Should the society get more centers for the Sangha, the constitution must be changed to handle this.

1. The society has two types of membership:
   a. Membership with state support – is available to persons (living in Norway) over the age of 15 who join the society’s faith community. Membership is free of charge. Membership entitles a person to vote at the Annual General Meeting and to sit on the society’s board. Membership gives priority for retreats and events. Membership is also open to persons under the age of 15 with the approval of a parent or guardian.
   b. Membership with fees – is available to people over the age of 15 and pay an annual membership fee. Membership entitles a person to vote at the Annual General Meeting and to sit on the society’s board. Membership gives priority for retreats and events. Membership is also open to persons under the age of 15 with the approval of a parent or guardian.
2. In order for a person to be admitted as a member, he or she must accept and maintain the Society’s aims and constitution of Society, and have settled any financial obligations towards the Society.
3. A person who wishes to become a member must apply in writing to the Society’s board.
4. The board processes all applications for membership, and shall, following a decision, inform the applicant of the outcome as soon as practicable.
5. The membership is only valid from the day the membership fee is paid, if the membership requires payment.
6. The board may in special cases deny a person membership.
7. Cancellation of membership must be made in writing by e-mail or via digital communication on the society’s website, and takes effect upon receipt.
8. A membership cannot be transferred to another person.
9. The Society may revoke the membership of a member, if the membership fee is not paid. Members who owe two years of fees are automatically deleted as a member.
10. The board may in special cases revoke a member of membership. Before making a decision, the person in question must be made aware of the background to the case and given a period of two weeks to comment. The decision must be in writing and substantiated, as well as inform about the way of appealing the decision.
11. In the event of revoking the membership in accordance with section §6.10 above, the person in question may require that the decision must be dealt with on a Special or Annual General Meeting, and the person has the right to be present during the General Meeting’s dealing of the matter. The claim must be submitted within one week after the decision of revoked membership has been received.

1. The society is obliged to keep books, and an annual account must be prepared which is adopted by the annual meeting. The annual accounts must be approved and signed by the chair of the board and all spiritual directors.
2. The Society shall follow general legislation for accounting where applicable.
3. The accounts with all documents, extra information and sub-documentation shall be kept in a safe manner for a minimum of 5 years after the end of the financial year.
4. (This paragraph is not available on the web for security reasons)
5. The Society’s money usage must be careful, moderate and frugal.

1. Annual General Meeting in general.
   a. The Annual General Meeting, which is held every year, is the Society’s highest authority, and is preferably held by the end of March.
   b. The Annual General Meeting is convened by the board with at least one month’s notice, directly to the members. Proposals to be dealt with at the Annual General Meeting must be sent to the board no later than two weeks before the Annual General Meeting. A complete agenda must be available to members no later than one week before the Annual General Meeting. The Annual General Meeting may not deal with proposals that are not on the agenda, unless three quarters (3/4) of those present so calls for it.
   c. In the event of convening to the Annual General Meeting in violation of the constitution, the Annual General Meeting decides, respectively, during approval of the notice and approval of the agenda, whether the Annual General Meeting has been lawfully convened and whether there are matters that cannot be dealt with.
   d. All members of the Society have the right to participate in Annual General Meetings. The Annual General Meeting may decide that other persons and/or media may be present, or that the Annual General Meeting is only open to members and others with the right to attend.
   e. The Annual General Meeting can proceed if a number of voting members that at least corresponds to the number of board members to be elected by the Annual General Meeting, turns up. If the Annual General Meeting can not proceed, a new Annual General Meeting may be convened without a requirement for minimum participation.
   f. At the Annual General Meeting, proposals for amendments to the constitution of the Society, that are not listed on the agenda that have been made available at the convening of the Annual General Meeting, cf. §11, may not be dealt with. Other proposals can be dealt with when two thirds (2/3) of those present with the right to vote so decide, when approving the agenda.
   g. Minutes shall be kept for the Annual and the Special General Meeting.
2. The tasks of the Annual General Meeting.
   a. Select the moderator.
   b. Approve the notice and the agenda.
   c. Deal with the annual report.
   d. Deal with the financial report.
   e. Deal with the received proposals.
   f. Determine the yearly membership fee.
   g. Elect chair of the board, secretary, financial manager, and other board members.
3. Voting at the Annual General Meeting.
   a. Unless otherwise provided in the constitution of society, a resolution shall, in order to be valid, be passed by a simple majority of the votes cast. No member has more than one vote, and no one can vote on behalf of others. Blank votes shall be deemed not to have been cast.
   b. Elections take place in writing if there is more than one proposal or a request is made to make it in writing. Blank votes, or votes on proposals or candidates who are not nominated, do not count, and the votes are considered not cast.
   c. Election of board members shall take place individually, and if no candidate obtains more than half of the votes cast, re-election shall be held between the two candidates who have obtained the most votes. If there is a tie in the re-election of a candidate, the election is decided by drawing lots.
4. Special General Meeting.
   a. Special General Meetings are held when the board so decides, or when at least one third (1/3) of the members so requires it. Notice is given in the same way as for Annual General Meetings, with at least 14 days’ notice.
   b. A Special General Meeting (EGM) can only deal with and make a decision in the matters announced in the notice.

1. The board is the highest authority between the Annual General Meetings. The borad shall hold a meeting when the chair of the board or a majority of the board members so requests. The board must:
   a. Implement Annual General Meeting resolutions.
   b. Appoint any sub-committees or persons who are to perform special tasks, and prepare guidelines for these.
   c. Manage and maintain the necessary control of the Society’s finances in accordance with current guidelines.
   d. Represent the Society externally.
   e. Act as stewards for the Sangha, so that necessary activities that the Sangha cannot do under Vinaya are carried out, such as carrying out financial transactions.
   f. Establish or change guidelines for the Society’s operations and activities, within the framework of the constitution.
   g. Notwithstanding §9.1 f, and other provisions of these constitution: Before new guidelines can be adopted that affect or deal with the Sangha, or tangible or non-tangible assets that have been given for the use of the Sangha, or that are at the disposal of the Sangha, the proposal must first be approved by the relevant spiritual director.
2. The board consists of the chair, secretary, financial manager, board member and spiritual directors.
3. The board can make decisions when a majority of the board members are present. All spiritual directors must be present in order for the board to make decisions. Decisions are made by a majority of the votes cast. In the event of a tie, the chairperson’s vote is decisive.
4. All proposals for decisions by the board must be approved by all spiritual directors before a decision is made, and no proposals for decisions are valid without the approval of the spiritual directors.
5. If a spiritual director does not approve a proposal for resolution, and a majority of the board members wish to proceed to adopt the proposal, the board may
   a. Convene a Special General Meeting to vote on the proposal.
   b. Forward the proposal to the next Annual General Meeting for voting.
   c. If the Annual or Special General Meeting votes in favour of the resolution, the board shall implement the proposal.
6. Minutes shall be kept of the board meeting.
7. When electing people to the board, the society shall prioritize people with membership.
8. A condition for being elected to the board, with the exception of the first two years, is that the person must have been a member for 24 months before the date of the election. The board may set aside this condition in exceptional situations.
9. A member may not sit on the board for more than 4 consecutive years. This applies even in the event of a change to a new board position. Exceptions are made for spiritual directors who are to add competence, long-term perspective and continuity.
10. Board members may receive reimbursement for necessary, actual expenses incurred in relation to his or her position in the board.

1. It is the chair of the board and all spiritual directors jointly who hold the right to sign.

1. Amendments to the society’s constitution can only be made at a Special or Annual General Meeting after having been listed on the agenda when notice is received, and a two-third (2/3) majority of the votes cast is required.
2. In the early phase after the Society’s start-up, while the Society still has very few members, requirements in the constitution can be temporarily relaxed or adjusted, to reflect the Society’s nature. This can, for example, apply to the number of people on the board, and external representation. However, this does not apply to requirements regarding finances or Annual General Meetings.

1. Dissolution of the Society can only be dealt with at the Annual General Meeting, and the proposal for dissolution of the Society must be listed on the agenda that has been made available in a notice when convening for the Annual General Meeting. Dissolution of the Society requires a four-fifths (4/5) majority.
2. After dissolution and debt settlement, the association’s assets shall accrue to the purpose the association works to promote, by giving the net assets to the Buddhist Association, or equivalent national organization in Norway upon the dissolution of the society.